Advanced Placement United States History — 8-topic bundle

Before 1492, North America wasn't an empty wilderness waiting to be discovered; it was a vibrant continent teeming with millions of people living in thousands of distinct societies. These groups had incredibly diverse cultures, languages, economies, and political systems, largely shaped by the environments they inhabited.

When we talk about early European colonialism in the Americas, we're focusing on the period roughly from the late 15th century through the 17th century. Different European nations had different approaches, but they all shared some core motivations and impacts.

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English colonization wasn't a single, unified effort; it was a complex series of ventures driven by economic, religious, and political factors. You'll primarily see three distinct colonial regions emerge: New England, the Middle Colonies, and the Southern Colonies. Each developed its own flavor.

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The founding of the United States wasn't a sudden event, but a complex process of political, economic, and social transformation. It began with growing tensions between Great Britain and its American colonies after the French and Indian War (1754-1763), which led to new British policies like taxes and restrictions. These policies, perceived as infringements on colonial rights, fueled a desire for greater autonomy and eventually, independence.

Before the mid-18th century, British policy towards its American colonies was often characterized by "salutary neglect." This meant Britain largely let the colonies govern themselves and manage their own affairs, as long as they remained economically beneficial. This hands-off approach allowed colonial assemblies to gain significant power and colonists to develop a strong sense of self-reliance and distinct identity.

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