Sci — 6-topic bundle

Life, at its most fundamental level, is a complex chemical system. To understand how living things work, we first need to grasp the basic properties of matter. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space, and it exists in different "states" based on how its particles are arranged and how much energy they have.

The overall equation for photosynthesis looks like this:
6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Light Energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
(Carbon Dioxide + Water + Light Energy → Glucose + Oxygen)

Let's break down the two main stages:

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You can break down cellular respiration into three main stages if oxygen is present:

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Gas exchange in plants involves the movement of gases like carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), and water vapor (H2O) between the plant and its environment. This primarily happens through small pores called stomata (singular: stoma), found mostly on the underside of leaves.