Periodic table trends in 3D

Pick a property and an element: the bars show how it changes across periods and down groups, with the reasons explained.

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Questions students ask

Why does ionisation energy increase across a period?

The nuclear charge increases while the electrons are in the same shell, so they are held more tightly and need more energy to remove.

Why does atomic radius increase down a group?

Each period adds another shell of electrons, further from the nucleus and shielded by the inner shells.

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