Unit 5 Civics — Foundational Concepts of Government + 4 more topics

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• Absolute Monarchy: The monarch holds all the power, with no legal limits. Their word is law. Examples include Saudi Arabia.
• Constitutional Monarchy: The monarch's power is limited by a constitution or a legislative body. They often serve as a symbolic head of state, while real political power rests with elected officials (like in the United Kingdom or Japan).

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When we talk about systems of government in civics, we're really looking at how power is organized and shared (or not shared) between the national or central government and sub-national or local governments (like states, provinces, or cities). There are three primary ways this relationship works: unitary, federal, and confederal.