Case 2 — 5-topic bundle

You've probably heard of DNA, RNA, and proteins. These three molecules are at the heart of how genetic information is stored, expressed, and ultimately used to carry out nearly all functions in a cell.

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DNA replication is divided into three main phases: initiation, elongation, and termination. Here, we'll focus on elongation and termination, which involve a coordinated effort of various enzymes and proteins.

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The initiation phase of DNA replication is a highly regulated process ensuring that DNA is copied accurately and only once per cell cycle. This process begins at specific sequences called origins of replication.

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DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the blueprint for life, carrying the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses. Its structure was famously described by Watson and Crick in 1953.