Constitutional Law — Foundations of Constitutionalism + 5 more topics

Constitutionalism isn't just about having a written document called a "constitution"; it's a set of principles and practices that ensures governmental power is limited, accountable, and exercised in accordance with a higher law. Without these principles, a constitution might just be a piece of paper.

When we talk about structures of government, we're primarily looking at how power is divided and shared (or not shared) between a central (national) government and sub-national (state, provincial, or local) governments. There are three main types you'll encounter: unitary, federal, and confederal.

Fundamental rights and freedoms are the cornerstone of many constitutions, designed to protect individuals from arbitrary state action and to ensure a dignified existence. While specific rights vary by country, common examples include freedom of speech, religion, assembly, and protection from arbitrary detention or discrimination.