Química

1. Nomenclatura Tradicional, Clásica o Antigua: Utiliza prefijos (hipo-, híper-) y/o sufijos (-oso, -ico) para indicar los estados de oxidación (E.O.) de los átomos en el compuesto.
2. Nomenclatura de Stock: Indica el E.O. del elemento mediante un número romano entre paréntesis al final del nombre.
3. Nomenclatura Sistemática (IUPAC) o Estequiométrica: Propuesta por la IUPAC, indica la naturaleza y proporción de los constituyentes usando prefijos griegos (mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, etc.). Si la función química no lo requiere, el prefijo "mono-" se omite.

When we talk about funciones químicas inorgánicas, we're referring to groups of compounds that share very similar chemical properties. This similarity comes from having one or more identical atoms, called the grupo funcional, in their molecular or formula units. The main goal here is to be able to reconocer, nombrar o formular these inorganic substances correctly.

• Valencia: This is the capacidad an element has to combine with other atoms to form compounds. It's often described as the maximum number of univalent atoms (like hydrogen) that can combine with or substitute for an atom of that element. It reflects the number of valence electrons an atom has to share, gain, or lose.
• Estado de Oxidación (EO): This is a number that indicates the number of valence electrons an atom loses, gains, or shares when forming a compound. It can be positive, negative, or zero, and includes a sign to show the nature of the electron interaction (loss = +, gain = -).