Ajayi Crowther University PBL 304 intermediate

PBL 304: Law of Torts

Free study notes for PBL 304 (PBL304) — Law of Torts at Ajayi Crowther University, one topic at a time, each with worked examples and a practice quiz.

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Course Syllabus

  1. Introduction to Torts and Negligence Fundamentals
  2. Defenses to Negligence and Specific Duty Situations
  3. Intentional Torts Against the Person
  4. Intentional Torts Against Land and Goods (Trespass)
  5. Defamation and Privacy Torts
  6. Nuisance, Strict Liability, and Remedies

Study Notes

Intentional Torts Against the Person

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Intentional torts against the person are civil wrongs committed when someone intentionally interferes with another's person or liberty. Unlike negligence, the defendant's act must be purposeful, though the intent to cause harm isn't always required; intent to perform the act is usually enough.

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Nuisance, Strict Liability, and Remedies

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  1. Private Nuisance: An unlawful interference with a person's use or enjoyment of land, or some right over or in connection with it.
    • Elements:
      • Indirect interference: The harm isn't directly inflicted but is a consequence of the defendant's actions (e.g., noise, smells, vibrations).
      • Unreasonableness: This is key. The court balances the claimant's right to enjoy their land against the defendant's right to use theirs. Factors include:
        • Locality: What's reasonable in a residential area isn't the same as an industrial zone ("coming to the nuisance" isn't a defence, but locality matters).
        • Duration: Is it a one-off event or continuous? More continuous usually means more unreasonable.
        • Sensitivity of the claimant: The law protects ordinary use, not unusually sensitive uses.
        • Malice: If the defendant acts out of spite, it's more likely to be unreasonable.
        • Social utility: While not a defence, public benefit might slightly influence the court's view on reasonableness, but it won't excuse significant harm.
      • Damage: The claimant must suffer actual damage (e.g., property damage, amenity harm like loss of sleep).
    • Who can sue: Only someone with an interest in the land (owner, tenant).
    • Who can be sued: The creator of the nuisance, or sometimes an occupier who adopted or continued it.
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PBL 304: common questions

What does PBL 304 cover?

This PBL 304 study guide covers 6 topics: Introduction to Torts and Negligence Fundamentals, Defenses to Negligence and Specific Duty Situations, Intentional Torts Against the Person, Intentional Torts Against Land and Goods (Trespass), Defamation and Privacy Torts, Nuisance, Strict Liability, and Remedies.

Are these PBL 304 notes free?

Yes. Every PBL 304 note on this page is free to read without an account. A free account adds practice quizzes, flashcards and a revision plan.

How do I revise for my PBL 304 exam?

Read the PBL 304 note for each topic, then take its practice quiz: the questions you get wrong come back as flashcards until you know them. Save the course to get a revision plan built around your exam date.